Нейродегенерация амакриновых и ганглиозных клеток сетчатки на фоне дефицита дофамина при болезни Паркинсона
Ключевые слова:
болезнь Паркинсона, сетчатка, дофамин, амакриновые клетки, ганглиозные клетки, альфа-синуклеин, нейродегенерацияАннотация
Установлено, что дефицит дофамина при болезни Паркинсона сопровождается дегенерацией амакриновых и ганглиозных клеток, снижением плотности холинергических и меланопсин-содержащих нейронов, истончением слоя нервных волокон и других внутренних слоев сетчатки. Накопление фосфорилированного α-синуклеина в дофаминергических клетках ассоциировано с деформацией дендритов и уменьшением синаптической плотности. Данные оптической когерентной томографии и электроретинографии подтверждают наличие структурных и функциональных нарушений, однако выраженность изменений и их связь с клинической тяжестью заболевания остаются неоднородными, а влияние терапии предшественником дофамина L-ДОФА (Леводопа) демонстрирует противоречивые результаты.
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