Пахихороидальные состояния
Ключевые слова:
пахихороидальная пигментная эпителиопатия, центральная серозная хориоретинопатия, пахихороидальная неоваскулопатия, полипоидная хориоидальная васкулопатияАннотация
«Пахихороидальное состояние» (pachy-[префикс]: полный) – аномальное и необратимое увеличение хориоидальной толщины, часто проявляющееся увеличенными хориоидальными сосудами и другими структурными изменениями в сосудистой архитектуре. Клинические пахихориоидальные состояния – это группа макулярных заболеваний, при которых проявляются аналогичные хориоидальные изменения, такие как фокальное и диффузное увеличение хориоидальной толщины и наружных хориоидальных сосудов.
При таких состояниях описаны застойные явления в хориоидее и их гиперпроницаемость. Увеличение толщины хориоидального слоя, патологическое увеличение вен в слое Галлера, истончение в слоях Саттлера и хориокапиллярных слоях характерны для таких состояний. Несмотря на отсутствие единого мнения по поводу этой проблемы, данная группа заболеваний включает в себя следующие: плакоидная пигментная эпителиопатия, центральная серозная хориоретинопатия, пахихороидальная неоваскулопатия и полипоидная хориоидальная васкулопатия.
Для диагностики пахихориоидальных заболеваний лучше использовать метод мультимодальной визуализации, так как он позволяет исключить другие состояния, такие как ВМД, узорчатая дистрофия, точечная внутренняя хориопатия, ретинальный пигментный эпителиит. Улучшенная объемная визуализация используется как стандартная техника для визуализации сосудистой оболочки и для измерения хориоидальной толщины. OCT-A – новая технология, которая помогает получить высококачественные изображения без внутривен- ного введения контраста. Данное исследование также полезно для выявления хориоидальной неоваскуляризации в глазах с центральной серозной хориоретинопатией и при пахихориоидальных состояниях. Представлены общие клинические и данные визуализации пациентов с пахихориоидальными состояниями и методы их лечения.
Библиографические ссылки
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